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Human rights in Mauritania : ウィキペディア英語版 | Human rights in Mauritania
Human Rights in Mauritania is generally seen as poor according to international observers, including Freedom House, the United States Department of State, and Amnesty International. With a July 2012 estimated population of 3.4 million,〔(Mauritania, ''The World Factbook'', United States Central Intelligence Agency )〕 Mauritania is a highly centralized Islamic republic with no legal provisions for freedom of religion. Coming from French colonial rule, Mauritania was ethnically divided between Arabic speaking Berber tribal confederations of the north and sedentary black populations of the south, many of whom were traditionally bonded communities or enslaved individuals. The Mauritanian government has a history of discriminating against these Toucouleurs and Soninke people within its borders. One such example occurred in 1987, when the government imprisoned southerners and threw others out of the army, resulting in the Mauritania–Senegal Border War. Amnesty International has accused the Mauritania legal system of functioning with a complete disregard of legal procedure, fair trial, or humane imprisonment. Amnesty International also has accused the Mauritanian government of an institutionalized and continuous use of torture for decades.〔("Mauritania: Torture at the Heart of the State", Amnesty International, 3 December 2008 )〕〔("Mauritania: Amnesty International submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review", Ninth session of the UPR Working Group, November - December 2010 )〕 According to the constitution of Mauritania, international law prevails over domestic Mauritanian law as soon as the international law is published in the Official Gazette.〔("Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights considers report of Mauritania", ''DisplayNews'', Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, 16 November 2012 )〕 ==Respect for the integrity of the person==
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